The effect of Mega development projects in Tanzania on resettlement and livelihood is a practical paradigm to both decision makers, stakeholders and practitioners on the future of IA.
Tanzania’s economic advancement is achieved through mega development projects such as oil and gas, hydropower schemes, transport channels, industrial infrastructure and mining. All these projects are reshaping settlements and livelihood. Access to services, rapid economic growth, youth employment opportunities, and enhanced connectivity is highly promised despite the expected effects such as environmental degradation, ecosystem disruption, land acquisition, livelihood changes and displacement.
This paper examines the effects of mega development projects on settlements and livelihoods in Tanzania focusing on the Government and investors priorities with respect to the rights and well-being of the affected communities and environment at large. Considering the data and experiences from the project-based areas, it explores the future of impact assessment through looking back at the social environmental impacts beyond compensation given to affected communities.
Broadly it considers the influence of affected communities in project decisions making from initiation stages to finalization and overall monitoring of the projects during implementation and usage. In line the theme, “Kamua, Kamuri: Looking Back for the Future of Impact Assessment,” the paper reflects on lessons from past and ongoing interventions to promote inclusive, equitable, and sustainable practices. It advocates stronger social impact assessment, meaningful stakeholder engagement, context-sensitive resettlement planning, and post-resettlement livelihood monitoring.
Doris Kiwelu is a Petroleum chemical engineer, leader and social environmental impact assessment practitioner working with Tanzania women in Energy Development (TAWOED) as a project manager.